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Go, who's there? by Raymond Obst on amazon: US: Amazon.com, 2007.
A little blue pill... a journey of discovery by Marc Abramowitz on amazon: US: Amazon.com, 2007.
To reach the next stage, Darwin needed a way to combine the individual "moves" of the micro-mutation and the macro-mutation. He knew that the form and size of each organism was determined by the specific "moves" of the genetic game. But a form and size sufficiently variable to be random and unpredictable would be too problematic for his theory of natural selection, because he wanted to use natural selection to explain the existence and diversity of all life forms, including different kinds of plant and animal species. Natural selection also explained the constancy of form and size and the constant existence of the same kinds of species. The only way to combine micro-mutation and macro-mutation into a system that would work was to have random variation, which is precisely what we call random mutations.
Micro-Mutation: The Genetic Game {#s0010}
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What happened in the micro-mutation? From your first cell, single-celled organisms like *amoeba* have a very short life span, because they are very sensitive to many stressors, including viral infections, antibiotics, or low temperatures. They can hardly be considered to be an independent form of life.
These micro-organisms are surrounded by a membrane, a thin layer of protein that protects them from being eaten by larger organisms. The membrane lets some molecules in and out, but it limits the entry of many antibiotics and toxins. While the environment is unfavorable for the survival of the amoeba, it is favorable for the survival of bacteria and other micro-organisms that do not have a membrane. In order for the amoeba to survive, the membrane has to be permeable, and a protein that allows for the passage of water, called osmosis, is generated. The process is called osmosis because it is the result of water diffusing across the membrane.
When the osmosis process runs its course, the amoeba is filled with water, and its entire mass becomes soft. But when the water is gone, the amoeba slowly heals. Once the bacteria that cause the amoeba to swell have died off
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